Data Analysis Procedure

Data Analysis Procedure

Written by Ari Julianto

Analysis of data means studying the tabulated material in order to determine inherent facts or meanings. It involves breaking down existing complex factors into simpler parts and putting the parts together in new arrangements for the purpose of interpretation.

Data Analysis Procedure which is usually in a skripsi or thesis placed in sub-chapter Research Design or Research Methodology is a report of the procedure how we analyze the data. The Analysis of Data Procedure depends on the kind of the research. In this posting I cannot explain all kinds of research for analyzing the data procedure. I just give some examples of them.

There are two ways in reporting Analysis of Data Procedure. First, in paragraph description and secod in numerial description. For this matter, I can suggest that if the procedure or the steps of Analysis of Data is below five steps, it is advisable to report it in  paragraph description. On the contrary, if the steps of Analysis of Data is  more than five steps, numerial description is a choice.

In educational research, statistical method has contributed a great deal. Simple statistical calculation finds a place in almost any research study dealing with large or even small groups of individuals, while complex statistical computations form the basis of many types of research.

Below I give you some examples of the procedure in Collecting the Data. I would not say that these are the best examples.

1. Data Analysis Procedure for Novel Analysis
After collecting the data, there are some steps in doing data analysis, they are: finding the data which are related with this study which in this case Harry Potter’s sadness including the causes and the effects, separating the data based on the objectives of the study, exploring the collected data and other related data from the relevant references, analyzing the data and the last is drawing the conclusion of the research and rechecking whether the conclusion are appropriate.

2.  Data Analysis Procedure for News Analysis
The data were analyzed by finding out the infinitive forms in the educational news of BBC News Online and then identify them based on the three types. The steps are as follows:
1. selecting the educational news of BBC News Online,
2. identifying the type of infinitive in each sentence from the news,
3.classifying each type of the infinitive appearing in the news into three types: Bare infinitive (simple infinitive), Full infinitive (to infinitive), and Infinitive phrases (infinitival phrase),
4. calculating the percentage of each type of infinitive by using Sudijono’s (2004: 43) formula as the follows
    x
p = - x 100%
    y

Where:   
P = the percentage of the forms of infinitive
X = the total number of one form of infinitive
Y = the total number of the whole type of infinitive
5. finding out the most dominant type of the infinitive appearing in the educational news of BBC Online.

3. Data Analysis Procedure for Effect Research
The technique of this research will be performed by the following step:
1.  dividing the class into experimental group and control group,
2. giving the pre-test to obtain the score of pre-test for experimental and control group,
3. giving the treatment by teaching vocabulary using the cognitive learning strategy in experimental group,
4. giving the treatment by teaching vocabulary using conventional method or LKS (Lembar Kerja Siswa) in control group,
5. giving the post-test to obtain the score of post-test to collect the data for experimental and control group,
6. calculating the score of pre-test and post-test between experimental and control groups,
7. obtain the mean of students’ writing score, the researcher uses the Sudijono’s formula (1988: 81) as follow

Note:
_
X = Mean
x = Individual score
n = number of student

8. To find out the significant of hypothesis testing, then the writer used the formula as Arikunto (2002: 275) suggested.

              

        

            ∑d

Md = --------

             N

 
9. Finding out the degree of freedom (df) = df  = N1 + N2  –2  and finally consulting the t value table to obtain the hypothesis result.
10. Finding out the thee effect and the validity of the test by using the formula of Arikunto (1993: 230) who recommended that the value of validity is as follows:

4. Data Analysis Procedure for Students' Ability
The data were analyzed by using a descriptive quantitative technique. In this technique, the researcher analyzed the data in term of quantitative analysis. The steps of the technique were performed as follows
1. asking the students to analyze the test of picture story and the questions for 5 minutes,
2. asking the students to answer the reading comprehension by applying the picture story on the answer sheet,
3.  collecting the students’ answer sheet,
4.  finding out the correct and incorrect answers of the student,
5. calculating the percentage of the students’ result in answering reading comprehension based on the picture story by using Sudijono’s (1999:321)

    X
p = - x 100%
    y

Where:   
P = the percentage of the students’ ability and inability
X = the number of the students’ ability and inability
Y = the number of the sample test
6. calculating the students’ results of the reading comprehension based on the picture story as follows
     Quantitative Ability        Qualitative Ability
          80 – 100                     Very good
          60 – 79                       Good
          50 – 59                       Poor
          ≤ 40                           Very Poor   

7. finding out the students’ problems in reading comprehension by applying the picture story based on the elements of the reading comprehension structure as Duke (2005: 69) who describe the elements are Characters, Setting, Goal, Problem, Plot or action, Resolution, and Themes,
8. finding out the validity of the test by using the formula of Arikunto (1993: 230) who recommended that the value of validity is as follows:






9. matching the value of standard reliability as follows:
0.00 - 0.20        : the reliability standard is empty
0.21 - 0.40        : the reliability standard is low
0.41 - 0.60        : the reliability standard is fair   
0.61 - 0.80        : the reliability standard is good
0.81 - 1.00 >     : the reliability standard is very good.



Hope today's posting will be useful for all of us. Amien.